A KnK Japan staff member helps a young girl fill a metal pot with clean water from a tap on a KnK Japan water tank, with green fields behind.
Water · Sanitation · Hygiene

Safe water, restored with dignity.

Across flood-affected and water-scarce communities in Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan, KnK Japan helps families regain clean drinking water, safe sanitation and the knowledge to keep both running.

Safe water and dignified sanitation, built to outlast the next flood

Floodwater contaminates the very wells and ponds people depend on. KnK Japan's WASH response pairs solar-powered filtration with hygiene promotion and accessible sanitation, then hands operation to the communities themselves, most of them women and children, so the benefits last well beyond the emergency.

The same source, transformed

After the 2022 floods, water testing across the target villages found heavy bacterial contamination and, in places, total dissolved solids as high as 4,000–5,000 ppm, far above the WHO limit of 500 ppm, alongside elevated arsenic.

Once KnK Japan's solar-powered plants were running, total and faecal coliform fell to 0/100 ml, arsenic dropped below 5 µg/L, and TDS came down to under 210 ppm, well within WHO drinking-water standards.

Coliform 0 / 100 mlArsenic <5 µg/LTDS <210 ppmWHO compliant
A child holds two glasses side by side, clear filtered water and murky untreated water, beside a filtration plant.
Untreated source water (right) beside water filtered by a solar plant (left).
Our approach

Two pillars, one resilient system

KnK Japan pairs gravity-fed water systems with solar-powered filtration — affordable to run, durable against climate shocks, and operable without fuel or grid power.

Nature-based solutions

Water flowing from a flanged gravity-flow pipe across grass

Working with the water cycle rather than against it, capturing rain, recharging aquifers and moving water by gravity.

  • Rooftop & surface rainwater harvesting
  • Groundwater recharge wells
  • Gravity-flow distribution
  • Resilient water storage

Technology-based solutions

Indoor solar-powered reverse-osmosis filtration unit with storage tanks

Solar-powered treatment and monitoring that deliver WHO-compliant water with no recurring fuel cost.

  • Solar filtration units
  • Solar ultrafiltration & RO plants
  • Water-quality monitoring
  • Dignified, gender-separated sanitation

The Integrated WASH System

An illustrative model of how the two pillars fit together. Drag to rotate the facility, or tap a component to see how rain can become safe, gravity-fed drinking water, and how every drop is recharged back to the aquifer.

Drag to rotate · auto-spins · click a component

Conceptual diagram of the integrated approach. Not all components are present at every site.

Overview

Integrated WASH System

A closed-loop facility: rooftop catchment feeds an elevated tank, solar filtration purifies the supply, gravity carries it to a shared tap stand, and a recharge well returns surplus to the groundwater, alongside gender-separated latrines for dignity and safety.

Components7 linked
Energy100% solar
StandardWHO / Sphere

System components

Component 01

School Building

Flood-resilient classrooms with rooftop solar panels and a water tank.

Component 02

Washroom Block

Separate, lockable, gender-separated toilets with their own rooftop tank.

Component 03

Accessibility Ramps

Gentle ramps and handrails so every child can reach each entrance.

Component 04

Solar Filtration Plant

A solar-powered unit delivering WHO-compliant water, with no fuel cost.

Component 05

Gravity-Flow Tap Stand

A shared tap stand supplying safe drinking water by gravity.

Safe water. Safe practices. Safe sanitation.

Safe drinking water, hygiene knowledge, and dignified sanitation — delivered together as one integrated response, and built to keep working long after the emergency.

A group of girls gathers at a solar-powered filtration plant as the tap runs.
Safe drinking water

Solar-powered filtration

Multi-stage plants, bag filter and carbon filter, with ultrafiltration or reverse-osmosis where dissolved solids run high, powered by their own solar panels and running fully off-grid. Installed with local technical partners and tested against WHO standards.

Communities gather as a newly installed plant delivers safe water.
A facilitator holds up a bar of soap during an outdoor hygiene-awareness session under a tent, with women and children seated.
Hygiene promotion

Knowledge that prevents disease

Hygiene sessions on handwashing and safe water use, led with and for women and children. In the 2022 response alone, 51 sessions were held; afterwards, 98% more participants could name three ways to prevent WASH-related disease.

A hygiene session on handwashing and soap use for women and children.
A newly built sanitation block with an accessibility ramp, rooftop water tank and a plaque reading From the People of Japan.
Sanitation

Safe, dignified latrines

Gender-separated, lockable toilets with handwashing points, built at least 30 m from water sources to Sphere standards, with ramps and rooftop tanks for accessibility. Privacy and safety, especially for women and girls.

An accessible, gender-separated sanitation block.
Programme results

What the WASH work has delivered

0
Solar-powered water-treatment plants installed
0
People trained in plant operation & hygiene
0
Latrines & shared toilets built
0
Treated water meeting WHO standards*

*Verified through post-installation water quality testing.

Figures aggregated from KnK Japan's flood-response WASH projects, 2022–2026, supported by Japan Platform.

WASH in Schools: keeping girls in the classroom

A girl will not stay in a school that has no safe toilet, no clean water, and nowhere to wash her hands. When KnK Japan rebuilds or retrofits a flood- or disaster-damaged school, water, sanitation and hygiene are built in from the start.

Across girls' schools in Balochistan (Sohbatpur and Usta Muhammad districts) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Oghi area), KnK has delivered gender-separated and inclusive toilet blocks, handwashing stations, and safe drinking water supply — designed with menstrual hygiene management in mind and made accessible for girls with disabilities. Student Girls' Circles and health and hygiene sessions carry these practices into daily habits.

Two schoolgirls, one using a wheelchair, outside a newly built accessible school sanitation block with a ramp, steel handrails, a rooftop water tank and a From the People of Japan plaque.
A wheelchair accessible school toilet block with ramp, handrails and a rooftop water tank, so every girl can use a safe, private toilet.
A schoolgirl washing her hands with soap at a newly installed handwashing basin outside a school building, with an accessibility ramp behind her.
A student washes her hands with soap at a new school handwashing station.

Run by the community, built to last

Every plant is handed to a local committee trained to operate, clean and maintain it. The 2025 Punjab response formed 10 Camp/WASH committees; the 2023 Sindh and Balochistan response formed 13 water-management committees, many sustained by small community-collected maintenance funds, with the poorest households exempt.

Spare cartridge filters supplied with the plants keep filtration running for a full year, and the people closest to each tap, overwhelmingly women and children, are the ones keeping the water flowing.

A girl gives a thumbs-up while filling a bottle at a household solar-powered filtration plant.
Filling up with clean water at a household filtration plant.
In the field

Where the programme has responded

Responses to the 2010 super-floods and 2022 monsoon floods, with deployments across Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa each delivered with local partners and aligned to Sphere and the Core Humanitarian Standard.

Punjab Floods 2025

Rangpur Union Council, District Muzaffargarh, Punjab
5solar-powered filtration units (Lal Sha, Mako Jamal, Hakim Wala, Tiba Mako Jamal, Beit Mako Jamal)
3,315people reached with safe drinking water (2,430 camp residents + 885 nearby)
30gender-separated latrines across 10 tent villages
207community members trained (101 men / 106 women)
10Camp / WASH committees formed
120spare cartridge filters for one-year operation
Coliform 0/100 mlArsenic <5 µg/LSphere & CHS

Sindh & Balochistan Floods

Jacobabad, Qambar Shahdadkot · Jaffarabad, Sohbatpur, Usta Muhammad
Initial response · Sep–Dec 2022
3solar-powered ultrafiltration plants
48shared latrines installed
51hygiene-awareness sessions
220community members trained
Extended response · Mar–Jul 2023
13plants installed (11 ultrafiltration + 2 reverse-osmosis)
8,792people reached with safe water (1,256 households)
34gender-separated group toilets
586trained (416 men / 170 women) · 13 water committees
TDS <210 ppm89.5% public health protectedSphere & CHS
Aligned to Sphere Standards Core Humanitarian Standard WHO Water Quality